Analysis of the Effectiveness of Occupational Health and Safety (K3) Education for Health Workers: An Integrative Review of the Implementation of Minister of Health Regulation No. 66 of 2016 and Its Impact on Occupational Health IncidentsNeedlestick Injury

Abstract

Incident Needlestick Injury(NSI) is a major epidemiological threat and the most frequent occupational risk for healthcare workers, potentially transmitting blood-based diseases. In Indonesia, Minister of Health Regulation No. 66 of 2016 mandates the implementation of the Hospital Occupational Health and Safety Management System (SMK3RS), where OSH education is a key intervention for NSI prevention. This integrative review study aims to analyze the effectiveness of OSH education on NSI incidents, using Kirkpatrick's multi-level evaluation framework, and to review the role of the implementation of Permenkes 66/2016 in supporting the transfer of safe behaviors. The integrative review was conducted by synthesizing quantitative and qualitative literature from reputable databases (PubMed, Sinta, etc.) published since 2016. Data were analyzed using thematic synthesis and mapped to the Kirkpatrick Evaluation Model (Levels 1-4). OSH education in hospitals has been shown to be successful in increasing knowledge (Level 2), but has not been found to be significantly associated with a decrease in NSI incidents (Level 4) in many studies. This gap stems from the failure of knowledge transfer to behavior (Level 3), evidenced by the significant correlation between NSI andunsafe action(p < 0.05). Level 3 failure is reinforced by the suboptimal implementation of Permenkes 66/2016; the main weakness lies in superficial supervision and administrative sanctions that do not provide a deterrent effect (Zainal, 2024), thus failing to create an organizational climate that supports K3 compliance. The effectiveness of NSI prevention is highly dependent on the ability of hospital management to ensure the transfer of safe behavior (Level 3) through the system. Reinforcement Consistent. The limitations of Minister of Health Regulation 66/2016 on systemic enforcement must be addressed by strengthening sanctions and integrating behavioral audits into K3RS supervision